Current Concepts in Diabetic Macular Edema

Volume 33, Number # 6, 2005 Series

1. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. The incidence of vision loss in a diabetic population. Ophthalmology 1988;95(10):1340-8.

2. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. IV. Diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1984;91(12):1464-74.

3. Shahidi M, Ogura Y, Blair NP, et al. Retinal thickness analysis for quantitative assessment of diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109(8):1115-9.

4. Kinyoun J, Barton F, Fisher M, et al. Detection of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmoscopy versus photography--Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report Number 5. The ETDRS Research Group. Ophthalmology 1989;96(6):746-50; discussion 50-1.

5. Nussenblatt RB, Kaufman SC, Palestine AG, et al. Macular thickening and visual acuity. Measurement in patients with cystoid macular edema. Ophthalmology 1987;94(9):1134-9.

6. Brancato R. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in macular edema. Doc Ophthalmol 1999;97(3-4):337-9.

7. Kaiser PK, Riemann CD, Sears JE, Lewis H. Macular traction detachment and diabetic macular edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131(1):44-9.

8. Hee MR, Puliafito CA, Wong C, et al. Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113(8):1019-29.

9. Otani T, Kishi S. Tomographic assessment of vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129(4):487-94.

10. Guan K, Hudson C, Flanagan JG. Comparison of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II and Retinal Thickness Analyzer in the assessment of diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45(2):610-6.

11. Bresnick GH. Diabetic macular edema. A review. Ophthalmology 1986;93(7):989-97.

12. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103(12):1796-806.

13. Wilkinson CP, Ferris FL, 3rd, Klein RE, et al. Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 2003;110(9):1677-82.

14. Antonetti DA, Lieth E, Barber AJ, Gardner TW. Molecular mechanisms of vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. Semin Ophthalmol 1999;14(4):240-8.

15. Adamis AP, Shima DT. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular health and disease. Retina 2005;25(2):111-8.

16. Fong DS. Changing times for the management of diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2002;47 Suppl 2:S238-45.

17. Berger AR, Boniuk I. Bilateral subretinal neovascularization after focal argon laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108(1):88-90.

18. Lewis H, Schachat AP, Haimann MH, et al. Choroidal neovascularization after laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1990;97(4):503-10; discussion 10-1.

19. Torron Fernandez-Blanco C, Perez Olivan S, Ferrer Novella E, et al. Terapia fotodinamica en membrana neovascular subretiniana no relacionada con degeneracion macular asociada a la edad o miopia patologica. Archivos Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 2003;78(9):471-6.

20. Shah GK. Photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization after thermal laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(1):114-6.

21. Chen CJ, Urban LL, Nelson NC, Fratkin JD. Surgical removal of subfoveal iatrogenic choroidal neovascular membranes. Ophthalmology 1998;105(9):1606-11.

22. Kychenthal A, Siebert A, Dorta P, Aylward B. Surgical removal of a laser-induced choroidal neovascular membrane. Retina 2001;21(1):69-71.

23. Schatz H, Madeira D, McDonald HR, Johnson RN. Progressive enlargement of laser scars following grid laser photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109(11):1549-51.

24. Mainster MA. Decreasing retinal photocoagulation damage: principles and techniques. Semin Ophthalmol 1999;14(4):200-9.

25. Fong DS, Segal PP, Myers F, et al. Subretinal fibrosis in diabetic macular edema. ETDRS report 23. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115(7):873-7.

26. Friberg TR. Subthreshold (invisible) modified grid diode laser photocoagulation and diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME). Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30(9):705.

27. Friberg TR, Karatza EC. The treatment of macular disease using a micropulsed and continuous wave 810-nm diode laser. Ophthalmology 1997;104(12):2030-8.

28. Roider J. Laser treatment of retinal diseases by subthreshold laser effects. Semin Ophthalmol 1999;14(1):19-26.

29. Roider J, Brinkmann R, Wirbelauer C, et al. Subthreshold (retinal pigment epithelium) photocoagulation in macular diseases: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84(1):40-7.

30. Hida T, Chandler D, Arena JE, Machemer R. Experimental and clinical observations of the intraocular toxicity of commercial corticosteroid preparations. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;101(2):190-5.

31. Martidis A, Duker JS, Greenberg PB, et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2002;109(5):920-7.

32. Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Sofker A, Degenring RF. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121(1):57-61.

33. Flynn HW, Jr., Scott IU. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy and venous occlusive disease: it's time for clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123(2):258-9.

34. Holekamp NM, Thomas MA, Pearson A. The safety profile of long-term, high-dose intraocular corticosteroid delivery. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;139(3):421-8.

35. Aiello LM. Perspectives on diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136(1):122-35.

36. Campochiaro PA. Reduction of diabetic macular edema by oral administration of the kinase inhibitor PKC412. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45(3):922-31.

37. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: phase II study results. Ophthalmology 2003;110(5):979-86.

38. Knudsen ST, Bek T, Poulsen PL, et al. Macular edema reflects generalized vascular hyperpermeability in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2002;25(12):2328-34.

39. Nasrallah FP, Jalkh AE, Van Coppenolle F, et al. The role of the vitreous in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1988;95(10):1335-9.

40. Yamaguchi Y, Otani T, Kishi S. Resolution of diabetic cystoid macular edema associated with spontaneous vitreofoveal separation. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(1):116-8.

41. Lewis H, Abrams GW, Blumenkranz MS, Campo RV. Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction. Ophthalmology 1992;99(5):753-9.

42. La Heij EC, Hendrikse F, Kessels AG, Derhaag PJ. Vitrectomy results in diabetic macular oedema without evident vitreomacular traction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001;239(4):264-70.

43. Stefansson E. The therapeutic effects of retinal laser treatment and vitrectomy. A theory based on oxygen and vascular physiology. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001;79(5):435-40.